cryptography
7 articles tagged cryptography.
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TLS 1.3 Handshake and Shared Traffic Keys
How TLS 1.3 combines ephemeral Diffie–Hellman, transcript hashes, and Finished messages to create keys and detect tampering or downgrade attempts.
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AES-GCM Nonces, Counters, and Authentication Tags
How AES-GCM encrypts with a nonce-derived counter stream, authenticates data with a tag, and fails catastrophically when nonces repeat.
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Ethereum Merkle Patricia Tries Explained
How Ethereum’s keyed, hashed tries commit to account and contract storage state—and let a verifier check values using only a root and proof nodes.
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Argon2 Memory-Hard Password Hashing
How Argon2 uses configurable time, memory, and parallelism costs to make offline password guessing expensive.
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AWS Signature Version 4 Request Authentication
How AWS SigV4 canonicalizes requests, derives scoped HMAC keys, checks timestamps, and proves a request was not altered.
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AEAD Nonces and the Cost of Reuse
How AEAD nonces protect encryption, why each must be unique per key, and how reuse can expose plaintext and enable forgeries.
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AEAD Nonce Reuse and Its Security Consequences
Why reusing an AEAD nonce exposes plaintext relationships and can enable forgeries—and why protocols must prevent it.