networking
15 articles tagged networking.
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DNS Negative Caching: NXDOMAIN and NODATA
How recursive resolvers cache DNS absence, derive its lifetime from SOA records, and delay visibility of newly created names.
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TCP Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance
How TCP grows its sending rate, reacts to acknowledgements and loss, and discovers how much capacity a network path can support.
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TCP Retransmission Timeout Estimation
How TCP combines measured round-trip time and its variability to choose a timeout that avoids duplicate retransmissions and slow loss recovery.
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QUIC Connection IDs and Network Path Migration
QUIC connection IDs let endpoints recognize the same encrypted connection after its IP address, port, or network path changes.
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DNS Negative Caching: NXDOMAIN, NODATA, and SOA TTLs
How DNS caches missing names and records, and why NXDOMAIN or NODATA can outlive the change that fixes them.
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HTTP ETags and If-None-Match Revalidation
Learn how clients revalidate cached HTTP responses with ETags, and why 304 Not Modified is different from sending a 200 response body.
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How W3C Trace Context Propagates Distributed Traces
Learn how traceparent carries trace identity, parent-child span relationships, and sampling decisions across service boundaries.
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Linux epoll: Interest Lists, Ready Lists, and Triggers
How epoll tracks watched descriptors, reports readiness, and lets one thread handle many connections with level- or edge-triggered events.
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TCP Slow Start and Congestion Window Growth
How TCP uses acknowledgements to grow its sending window, then reacts to loss or ECN congestion signals.
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DNS Negative Caching and Record Recovery
How resolvers cache NXDOMAIN and NODATA responses, and why a newly created DNS record may remain invisible until a negative TTL expires.
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QUIC Connection IDs and Connection Migration
How QUIC connection IDs let a connection survive address changes, NAT rebinding, and network switches without starting a new transport connection.
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NIC Interrupt Coalescing and Packet-Batching Tradeoffs
How NICs batch packet notifications to reduce CPU overhead, and how coalescing thresholds trade that efficiency against network latency.
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HTTP/2 Multiplexing, Streams, and Flow Control
How HTTP/2 interleaves independent streams in frames over one TCP connection and limits data with per-stream and connection-level windows.
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TCP Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance
How TCP grows its congestion window from acknowledgements, then slows growth when packet loss signals that the network is overloaded.
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DNS Negative Caching for NXDOMAIN and NODATA
How DNS caches absent names and record types, uses TTLs to avoid repeated queries, and can hide newly created hostnames until entries expire.